Day after day, week after week, month after month, and yes, even year after year, swimming around in a sea of troubles would require a very strong life-vest. Jeuaf (JH-1) was facing all kinds of trouble from Henry I (1100-1135 A.D.) including the battle of Llangollan (1132 A.D.) when the last ruler of Powys [Madgog ap Maredudd] allied with the Normans. Then came Stephen (1135-1155 A.D.) when at the battle of Coleshill (1149 A.D.) a fellow named William fitz Alan took over Oswestry, which was right in the middle of the family's front door. Then Henry II (1155-1189 A.D.) was pronounced by Pope Adrain IV, by a Papal Bull [formal statement from the Pope], to have authority to rule Scotland, Ireland, and Wales! An invasion wave hit the shores between 1158 - 1165 A.D. and old Henry and his forces took control of Tegeingl [part of families' original lands]. By this wave, grandfather... Iorweth Fychan (JI-1) was moving the family to Llwyn-Onn, just before Richard I (1189 - 1199 A.D.) and his favorite son John (1199 - 1216 A.D.), had "Llywellyn the Great" give homage to John and to marry his daughter Joan! Whew...gulp...gulp...but not enough!
At age nine, Henry III (1216 - 1272 A.D.) found himself in authority (of England) under the regent William Marshall [Earl of Pembroke = Southwestern Wales]. In 1220, the rule of primogeniture was granted to the wishes of Llywellyn ap Iorwerth [The Great] being the English way of passing down the kingship. The Treaty of Woodstock, 30 April 1249, declared English Law to be recognized in Wales. Gruffydd (JJ-1) was born by this time in Llwyn-Onn who was named after a previous Gruffydd [Gruffydd ap Llywelyn] who lost his head swimming around these rough waters. Finally, it was our Llewelyn (JK-1) after the Peace of Montgomery (1267 A.D.) who was about to face the "Perfect Storm" yet to arrive among all these "Sea of Troubles".
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