Stone Tsunami(s)

      Tossing waves to-and-fro continued the foment surrounding the family trying to stay afloat in this sea of troubles. Grandfathers Gruffydd (JJ-1), Iorwerth (JK-1) and, Llewelyn (JL-1) certainly had their survival life-vest afloat but, none of them could have forecasted the threshold of irritation that was about to erupt. A fellow named Llywelyn "The Last" took overruling most of the northern part of Wales [where Llwyn-Onn was located]. This was after the death of Llywelyn "The First" in 1240 A.D. and,  Henry III had a few things to say. It was the Treaty of Woodstock (30 April 1247) which forced Llywelyn "The Last" to recognize English Law. Needless to say, Llywelyn "The Last" put the shoe on his foot and, in 1258 was styled "Prince of Wales" by Henry III. By 1267 with the Peace of Montgomery, Llywelyn "The Last" was recognized "Sovereign of Wales" just before the death of Henry III in 1272.

      Now, a new sovereign of England arrived on the scene, being out of the country until 1274. This Edward I (1272-1307) took his new job very seriously and, he expected all of his anticipated subjects to pay their homage [a ceremony by which a man acknowledges himself the vassal of a lord]. You can imagine how the older Llywelyn "The Last" [age 51 compared to 37 years] who had received his sovereignty, from the very father of this new sovereign [Edward I], when he [Llywelyn "The Last"] had been summoned to Montgomery to give homage. This was the very location Llywelyn "The Last" had been declared sovereign of Wales in 1267. Nothing doing says Llywelyn "The Last", including at the coronation of Edward I 1274, the summons to Shrewsbury 1274, to Chester in August 1275, to West Minister October 1275, and, finally to Winchester January 1276 and April 1276. Can you feel it? The threshold of irritation was about to erupt, like a great volcano, as a declaration of war was issued by Edward I November 1276. Up, up, and away to a series of earthquakes (invasions) starting 1276 and lasting until 1296. This volcanic eruption, followed by a series of earthquakes, brought into existence a great stone tsunami(s) described best in the following:

      Each stone tsunami raised a wave of conquest that was to change the life of those still swimming around during this ocean of time. Some of the stones are still standing to this day.